Kamaludin Rashid ¹, Rofina Yasmin Othman ², Bathusha Shareef Bin Kader Shaik Ali ², Yusmin Mohd Yusof ¹, Arash Nezhadahmadi ²

Affiliations
1 Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, MY
2 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, MY

Abstract

Papaya is an important medicinal crop which is used in industries and other healthcare products. This study was conducted to facilitate the selection of Papaya Ring Spot Virus (PRSV) resistant papayas in breeding programs by DNA fingerprinting method. By using Inter-Retrotransposons Amplified Polymorphism molecular markers, 5 out of 45 possible primer combinations (28 IRAP primers combination and RT primers) showed significant polymorphism in DNA banding patterns that determined parental-progeny relations and classified progenies based on their resistance towards PRSV. Primers combination of LTR 6149 and LTR 6149 had the highest degree of polymorphism which was 75% of polymorphic bands. It is observed that only 1 out of 5 combinations of primers demonstrated DNA banding patterns similar to the previous study by Malaysian Agriculture and Research Development Institute (MARDI). Phylogenetic trees were constructed to detect the relation of papaya samples, and those which based on primers combination of LTR 6150 and Nikita showed resistant progenies with resistant parent. Furthermore, progenies from L90 were found to be closely related to the parent Tainung (T5) whilst progenies from L13 and L33 were closely related to another parent, Eksotika (E6). L90 with symptom-free fruits was the most tolerant followed by L33 and L13. So, the best primers in terms of inheritance pattern based on the PRSV resistance trait (LTR 6150 and Nikita primers) were suggested to be further applied in Molecular Assisted Breeding (MAB) or Molecular Assisted Selection (MAS) for papaya breeding programs.

Keywords

Breeding, Retrotransposon, IRAP Markers, Carica papaya, Papaya

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Mohamad Osman ¹, Nuha Nazim Hasan Sazalli ², Deny Willium ³, Faruq Golam ⁴, Arash Nezhadahmadi ⁴

Affiliations
1 Plantation and Agro technology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, MY
2 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, International Islamic University, Kuantan, MY
3 Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, International Islamic University, Kuantan, MY
4 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, MY

Abstract

Protocatechuic acid from natural sources are widely used in human health. This study focuses on the presence of protocatechuic acid (PCA) in Rosselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) and onion peel (Allium cepa). Collection of onion peel is difficult and amount is less than 1% in onion. Moreover, Malaysia is importing 100% from overseas. On the contrary, roselle is very common in tropical Malaysia and its calyx can be dried and preserved. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were used to identify protocathechuic acid (PCA) from the samples. TLC was performed on 20×20 cm Silica gel 60 F₂₅₄ aluminum sheets as TLC plates with mixtures of water-methanol-formic acid as mobile phase. TLC recorded the presence of protocatechuic acid in both of the samples. HPLC analysis was performed on C-18 in 250×4.6 mm steel column with methanol-water-formic acid in 25:75:0.5 ratio as mobile phase. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 1.0 ml/min and protocatechuic acid was detected at 260 nm of wavelength. The quantities of protocatechuic acid determined by HPLC in rosselle and onion peel were 0.014 mg in 30 g of dried samples extract and 0.25 mg in 30 g of dried extract, respectively. The amount of protocatechuic acid in onion peel extract was eighteen times higher compared to Rosselle extract but considering availability of raw materials in Malaysia, roselle might be used as good source of PCA production with potential economic feasibility.

Keywords

Protocatechuic Acid, Roselle, Hibiscus Sabdariffa, Onion Peel

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Faruq Golam ¹, Kamilatulhusna Zaidi ¹, Arash Nezhadahmadi ¹, Mohamad Osman ²

Affiliations
1 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, MY
2 Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, MY

Abstract

The aim of this study was basically to develop new aromatic rice lines through integrated breeding approaches. After screening and selection of superior parental materials, F1s were raised from four different crosses (MRQ50×Gharib, MRQ50×RMB, MRQ50×RTB and MRQ50×E13) and used for haploid production through Anther culture. Phenotypic coefficient of variation % (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation % (GCV), heritability % (h2), genetic advance (GA) were estimated for yield and yield contributing traits such as for panicle length, grain per panicle, 1000 grain weight and yield per plant. In the cross MRQ50×RMB, the highest PCV was observed in grain per panicle (34.29) followed by yield per plant (31.73), 1000 grain weight (18.44), and panicle length (12.30). The same trends were occurred in cross MRQ50×RTB. The highest GCV was detected in grain per panicle (32.15) followed by yield per plant (30.90), 1000 grain weight (16.67) and panicle length (10.13). However, in the cross MRQ50×RTB, the highest GCV was obtained in yield per plant (37.89) followed by grain per panicle (30.54) and panicle length (9.33). Yield per plant was distinguished as the highest heritable trait in the cross MRQ50×RMB followed by grain per panicle (87.9), 1000 grain weight (81.7), and panicle length (67.8). On the contrary, in the cross MRQ50×RTB, this scenario was a bit different in which yield per plant was detected a highly heritable trait but the trends were different in grain per panicle, 1000 grain weight, and panicle length. Finally, the highest genetic advance was occurred in yield per plant followed by 1000 grain weight, grain per panicle, and panicle length. These trends were equal in both crosses. Study of callus induction ability of all hybrids studies showed that the best performance of callus induction was MRQ50×Gharib and N6 medium was found to be adequate for callus induction.

Keywords

Callus Induction, Haploid, Rice, Hybrid, Genetic Analysis

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Golam Faruq ¹, Fathonah Shamsuddin ¹, August Jenifer ¹, Siti Hajar Jusoh ¹, Arash Nezhadahmadi ¹, Nurzulani Khalid ¹

Affiliations
1 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, MY

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa) is pivotal to the lives of a large number of people around the world. Nowadays, anther culture is widely used in rice improvement as it can increase the selection efficiency. By optimizing the induction media and preservation time for cold pre-treatment, a significant improvement of embryogenic potential of the callus has been obtained in 3 different crosses of indica and japonica rice cultivars. It was observed that medium 2A was the best among the others as it was capable to induce a great number of calli while the addition of silver nitrate to the N6 medium doubled up the production of embryogenic calli. Analysis of variance indicated that there was a significant interaction between medium and cold pre-treatment. Seven days of preservation time showed much better callus production in N6 medium compared to MS medium. Significant differences of the callus induction were observed among indica cultivars. Therefore, seven days cold pre-treatment in the combination of silver nitrate in N6 medium can be used in practicing anther culture technique in indica rice. Anther culture technique was also used in twelve rice genotypes that consisted of three different rice crosses namely indica aromatic × japonica aromatic, indica aromatic × indica aromatic, and indica non-aromatic × indica aromatic to produce and comparisons of callus induction. It was found that MRQ50×Rambir Basmati genotype grew faster than other genotypes. Meanwhile, MR219×Rato Basmati took longest time to grow up and MR219×Sadri produced more callus than other genotypes. In addition, the indica non-aromatic×indica aromatic cross had the highest frequency in callus formation. Finally, the genotypes that produced more callus could be used as potential breeding material.

Keywords

Media Optimization, Cold Pretreatment, Anther Culture, Callus Induction, Rice Crosses

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